It can be overwhelming to learn about your child’s health, particularly when it comes to diagnostic procedures like a general urine analysis. Doctors regularly perform this easy test on kids to check for a variety of health issues. What do the results mean, though?
We’ll go over how to read and comprehend a urine test results for your child in this article. We’ll use a table to help make sense of the various values as we clearly break down the results in an understandable manner. You can feel more comfortable discussing the results with your doctor and have a better understanding of your child’s health if you know what each number or term means.
Whether you’re in for a routine examination or are worried about a particular symptom, this guide will make it easy for you to understand the general urine analysis.
- Indications
- How to collect urine?
- Is it possible to collect a child"s urine in the evening?
- Typical mistakes
- Table of analysis decoding
- Video on the topic
- Urine analysis in a child under one year old – decoding in the table of normal values
- Urine analysis. Decoding. Main parameters.
- General urine analysis in a child. What do urine test results mean. And what to do when they increase.
- How to collect a urine sample from a child
- General urine analysis in the norm and in pathology – meduniver.com
Indications
When diseases of the urinary system are suspected as well as for preventive examinations of healthy children, a general clinical urine test is recommended. Diabetic mellitus, urolithiasis, nephritis, urethritis, cystitis, and other pathologies can all be identified with such an analysis.
How to collect urine?
You must first thoroughly wash the child’s genitalia from the outside and set up a clean jar before you can begin collecting pee. The full amount of urine that the child excretes is collected in the morning for a general clinical study. The child must urinate in a sterile container before collecting it, as it should be done on an empty stomach. Only then may he have breakfast.
It is advised to use a specific urine collector when collecting pee from infants. It is possible to get inaccurate results when collecting a baby’s urine in a potty or on oilcloth.
A child’s general urine analysis is a straightforward but crucial test that looks at different elements in the urine to determine the child’s general health. The findings, which are frequently displayed in a table, offer important details regarding renal function, fluid balance, and potential infections or illnesses. Parents can better understand when to seek further medical advice for their child by knowing how to read and interpret these results.
Is it possible to collect a child"s urine in the evening?
If the child’s urine sample is delivered to the lab within one to one and a half hours of urination, the analysis will be the most accurate. This indicates that collecting urine in the evening for analysis is not acceptable because it will distort all of the indicators.
Typical mistakes
- Sending to the laboratory urine collected not from the first, but from the second or any of the subsequent urinations. Only the first urine should be analyzed.
- Collect less than 50 milliliters, otherwise there will not be enough material for the study.
- Bringing urine to the laboratory too late (later than 2 hours after urination).
- Using a contaminated container for collection.
- Forgetting to wash the child"s external genitalia.
- Eating foods the day before that can color the urine.
- To stay in excessively cold or hot conditions in front of urine fence.
- Allow the child to have emotional or physical stress the day before.
Table of analysis decoding
Urine analysis uses three methods to determine indicators: analyzing the fluid’s physical characteristics, identifying biochemical substances, and studying urine sediment.
A signpost
Its worth
Standard
What the alterations will reveal
A tangible sign that is dependent on the pigments in the urine. The child’s diet, use of medications, and variations in urine density can all have an impact.
Any shade of yellow, but straw is the most common.
Urine turns dark yellow when there is jaundice.
Red: indicates damage, urolithiasis, and glomerulonephritis;
Extremely pale—virtually colorless—and diabetic;
The hue of meat scraps associated with kidney tuberculosis, heart attacks, glomerulonephritis, or stones;
Melanoma and black.
A physical sign that products containing essential oils can influence.
Precise without being acerbic.
Precise without being acerbic.
If a child has diabetes, dehydration, or an infection, their urine will smell strongly.
A metric indicating how cloudy the urine is. The urine of the child may become hazy due to salts settling in it if it has been left out for an extended period of time before being brought to the laboratory.
A high concentration of urates, carbonates, phosphates, uric acid, erythrocytes, epithelial cells, and leukocytes can all contribute to the turbidity of urine.
A physical characteristic based on the urine’s acidity and alkalinity levels. The child’s diet and level of physical activity have an impact.
Either slightly acidic (pH between 5 and 7) or neutral (pH 7).
Either slightly acidic (pH between 5 and 7) or neutral (pH 7).
Serious kidney diseases, a plant-based diet, urinary tract infections and tumors, prolonged vomiting, and high potassium levels all cause a decrease in acidity.
Diabetes, a strict diet, a high meat intake, fever, taking certain medications, dehydration, and low potassium levels all contribute to increased acidity.
A physical measure established by materials dissolved in urine. This is a sign of kidney function, which is related to the ability to detect dehydration. Urine density typically decreases when there is an excess of fruits and vegetables on the menu and increases when there is an excess of meat.
The density will be 1.008-1.018 for the first ten days of life, 1.002-1.018 for the next six months, 1.006-1.010 for the next six to twelve months, 1.010-1.020 for the next three to five years, 1.008-1.022 for the next seven years, and 1.011-1.025 for the last ten years of life.
The density will be 1.008-1.018 for the first ten days of life, 1.002-1.018 for the next six months, 1.006-1.010 for the next six to twelve months, 1.010-1.020 for the next three to five years, 1.008-1.022 for the next seven years, and 1.011-1.025 for the last ten years of life.
Kidney failure, high fluid intake, diabetes insipidus, and diuretics all cause a decrease in density.
Treatment with antibiotics and diuretics, infections, diabetes, low dietary fluid intake, and diseases of the renal parenchyma all cause density to rise.
Substances that are organic and contain amino acids.
Newborns’ urine has a normal protein content of up to 5 grams per liter. Additionally, protein typically appears following physical activity and prolonged standing.
Newborns’ urine has a normal protein content of up to 5 grams per liter. Additionally, protein typically appears following physical activity and prolonged standing.
Pathological causes of protein in urine include heart failure, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, allergic reactions, malignant tumors, and epilepsy.
A straightforward carbohydrate that, when its blood concentration rises, can end up in the urine.
Normally, after feeding (especially of carbohydrate foods) and in cases of any digestive disorders, children’s urine may contain glucose.
Normally, after feeding (especially of carbohydrate products) and in cases of any digestive disorders, children’s urine may contain glucose.
A pathological symptom of diabetes mellitus, nephritis, and other endocrine disorders and pancreatic diseases is the appearance of glucose in the urine, or glucoseuria.
When bile pigment levels rise in the blood, it manifests as urine.
Urine bilirubin levels are usually indicative of liver and gallbladder diseases, but they can also indicate renal failure.
Bilirubin is converted to bile pigment in the intestine.
Urine may contain urobilinogen as a result of intestinal and liver damage, as well as the hemolytic form of jaundice.
The body produces toxic substances when it breaks down fats and carbohydrates.
Normally, a child following a low-carb diet may have them in their urine analysis.
On a low-carb diet, they typically show up in a child’s urine test.
Ketonuria is a pathological symptom associated with acute pancreatitis, thyrotoxicosis, diabetes mellitus, starvation, and recurrent vomiting.
A material produced when indole oxidizes.
Indican presence in urine is indicative of pancreatic, stomach, and intestinal disorders.
Epithelial cells that enter the urine from the excretory system’s internal organs.
Within the field of view, from 1 to 3.
Inflammation of the ureters and bladder, along with a higher quantity of epithelial cells, are indicative of violations of the urine collection process.
Peculiar renal tubule casts, a state of fat droplets, blood cells, epithelial cells, and protein.
Newborns’ urine contains protein particles known as hyaline casts.
Digestive, nutritional, and water balance disorders can all be associated with a high number of granular and hyaline casts in the urine. Additionally, the child’s reaction to heat, cold, and physical activity may result in an increase in the number of cylinders. Renal infarction, amyloidosis, viral infections, glomerulo- and pyelonephritis, and other pathologies are among the pathological causes of cylindruria.
Bacteria that are pathogenic in the urine.
The presence of bacteria suggests that the urinary tract is infected with bacteria.
Neural red blood cell accumulation.
Within the field of view, up to 2-3. Typically, a child’s urine may contain more red blood cells following physical activity.
Acute glomerulonephritis, renal infarction, and urolithiasis can all be indicated by hematuria. Additionally, a rise in red blood cells in the urine is indicative of kidney or bladder cancerous processes.
The characteristics of the child’s diet and physical activity determine the amount of salts in the urine. Urates, phosphates, and oxalates are examples of salts.
They are frequently found, particularly during nursing and the introduction of complementary foods.
It is common for dehydration, renal failure, nephritis, gout, and uric acid diathesis to have excess urates. Elevated oxalates can be an indication of diabetes and pyelonephritis in addition to being a sign of a high vitamin C diet. An alkaline urine reaction is indicated by elevated phosphate levels. Such urine has a high calcium content.
Urine always contains a small amount of white blood cells.
In the field of view, up to three. There may be as many as 25–50 leukocytes in the field of view if the analysis was conducted with violations in data collection.
Inflammatory processes affecting the urinary system, such as pyelonephritis, inflammation of the ureters, urethra, bladder, and genitalia, are characterized by an increase in this indicator.
A substance secreted by mucous membrane cells.
Inflammatory processes within the urinary tract may occur if mucus is found in the urine.
| Indicator | Normal Value |
| Color | Light yellow |
| Clarity | Clear |
| pH | 5.0 – 7.0 |
| Protein | None or trace |
| Glucose | None |
| Red blood cells | 0 – 2 per high power field |
| White blood cells | 0 – 5 per high power field |
| Bacteria | None |
| Nitrites | Negative |
Recognizing possible health issues early on can be made easier by being aware of your child’s general urine analysis. You can obtain a more comprehensive understanding of their general well-being by going over the results and contrasting them with the typical ranges.
It is crucial to remain calm in the event that any of the values deviate from the typical range. Numerous elements, including nutrition and exercise, can affect the outcomes. Speaking with a pediatrician can help you better understand any abnormal readings and determine whether you need to take any additional action.
Frequent urine testing can be a useful tool for keeping an eye on your child’s health. Being knowledgeable and understanding the meaning of the numbers will enable you to take the required actions to guarantee their ongoing wellbeing.
