Signs, symptoms and treatment of autism in children

Autism is a developmental disorder that has an impact on a child’s ability to interact, communicate, and process information. Parents can identify autism early on by looking for certain common signs, even though each child with the disorder is unique.

In the early years of life, many parents observe small behavioral shifts in their children. Among them may be issues with maintaining eye contact, slurred speech, or repetitive motions. For prompt diagnosis and assistance, it can be essential to recognize these early indicators.

This post will discuss common indications and symptoms of autism in kids as well as treatment choices. Children with autism can flourish and realize their full potential when given the proper care.

What is it?

Put simply, "autism" is a term used to describe a mental illness or disorder that is characterized by behavioral changes, mental changes, and a loss of social adaptation. The child typically exhibits a chronic disruption of social interaction.

Autism is frequently misdiagnosed for a long time because parents mistake behavioral changes for the child’s personality traits.

The disease can indeed occur in a mild form. In this case, identifying the first characteristic signs and recognizing the disease is a very difficult task not only for parents, but also for doctors. In Europe and the United States, the diagnosis of "autism" is much more common. This is due to the presence of excellent diagnostic criteria, which allow a commission of doctors to accurately diagnose even with a mild severity of the disease or in complex clinical cases. In autistic children, various changes occur in the cerebral cortex. They appear immediately after birth. However, they can manifest themselves much later, many years later. The disease proceeds without periods of stable remission. With a long course of the disease and the use of various psychotherapeutic methods that can improve the behavior of an autistic child, parents can see some improvements. To date, no specific treatment has been developed. This means that a complete cure for the disease, unfortunately, is impossible.

Prevalence

Russian data on the prevalence of autism differs significantly from those in the United States and Europe. The main cause of this is the high incidence of sick children being discovered overseas. Using a variety of questionnaires and diagnostic behavioral tests, foreign medical professionals and psychologists are able to accurately diagnose children of any age. The figures are entirely different in Russia. Not every child exhibits the disease’s initial symptoms promptly or at a young age. Russian kids with autism frequently just stay quiet, reclusive kids.

Serious repercussions result when disease symptoms are "written off" as the child’s character or temperament quirks. As a result, these kids either have a difficult time adjusting to society, are unable to find employment, or are unable to start a happy family.

The disease is present in no more than 3% of people. Most often, autism affects boys. This ratio is typically 4:1. Girls from households with numerous relatives with autism diagnoses may also experience this mental health condition. Most of the time, the disease’s initial, evident symptoms are not noticed until the child is three years old. Although the disease typically shows symptoms earlier in life, it is typically not diagnosed for three to five years.

Why are children born with autism spectrum disorder?

As of yet, scientists are unable to agree on this matter. Numerous experts think that a number of genes, which impair certain areas of the cerebral cortex, are to blame for the onset of autism. Strong heredity is frequently revealed when examining disease cases.

A different explanation for the illness is thought to be mutational. Researchers think that different mutations and malfunctions in a person’s genetic makeup may be the root cause of the illness.

• the effect of ionizing radiation on the fetus during the mother"s pregnancy;
• infection with bacterial or viral infections of the fetus during intrauterine development;
• exposure to hazardous chemicals that have a teratogenic effect on the unborn child;
• chronic diseases of the nervous system in the mother, for which she has been taking various symptomatic psychotropic drugs for a long time.

American experts claim that these mutagenic effects frequently result in a variety of disorders that are typical of autism.

During the first 8–10 weeks following conception, the fetus is particularly vulnerable to these effects. All essential organs, including the behaviorally-related areas of the cerebral cortex, start to form during this period.

Specific damage to distinct areas of the central nervous system eventually appears as a result of gene or mutational disorders that underlie the disease. This causes a disruption in the coordinated activity of different neurons that are involved in social integration.

Furthermore, when a baby can repeat a similar action or say a phrase multiple times, there is a change in the way the brain’s mirror cells function, which causes specific symptoms of autism to appear.

Types

There are currently many different disease classifications in use. The differences in the disease’s course, the intensity of its symptoms, and the disease’s stage are all taken into consideration when classifying them.

In Russia, no single working classification would be applied. The process of developing and organizing particular disease criteria in our nation is presently in progress, and these criteria will serve as the foundation for the disease’s diagnosis.

Autism typically manifests itself in a variety of ways, including:

1. Typical. With this variant, the signs of the disease appear quite clearly already in childhood. Babies are distinguished by more withdrawn behavior, lack of involvement in games with other children, and have poor contact even with close relatives and parents. To improve social integration, it is imperative to carry out a whole range of various psychotherapeutic procedures and the help of a child psychologist who is well versed in this problem.
2. Atypical. This atypical variant of the disease occurs at a much later age. As a rule, after 3-4 years. This form of the disease is characterized by a manifestation of not all specific signs of autism, but only some. Atypical autism is diagnosed quite late. Often, failure to diagnose in time and delay in diagnosis leads to the development of more persistent symptoms in the child, which are much less amenable to therapy.
3. Hidden. There are no exact statistics on the number of children with this diagnosis. With this form of the disease, the manifestation of the main clinical symptoms is extremely rare. Very often, children are considered simply excessively withdrawn or introverted. Such children practically do not allow strangers into their own inner world. It is very difficult to establish communication with a child diagnosed with autism.

How the light shape differs from the heavy?

Depending on its severity, autism can manifest in various ways. Most of the time, the mildest form happens. When the baby refuses to make friends or interact with others, it is a sign of problems with social adaptation.

It’s critical to realize that he acts in this way due to the symptoms of the illness, not out of modesty or extreme seclusion. These kids typically start speaking later.

In a mild form of the disease, personality violations are essentially nonexistent. Children can make the closest person’s contact for them. A child usually selects a few family members who, in his view, show him more consideration and care. Children with autism do not sense physical touch. Typically, the child tries to get out of the hug or refuses to accept a kiss.

Children whose disease is progressing more severely Strive to avoid interacting with other people in any way you can. Even hugs or physical contact from close family members can seriously harm their psychological well-being. The child believes that only those closest to him should be able to touch him. This is a crucial clinical indication of the illness. From an early age, a child diagnosed with autism is highly susceptible to any disruption in their personal space.

Mental propensities to injure oneself are a feature of some severe disease variants. At a later age, these kids may even try to bite themselves or cause other injuries.

Although such a manifestation is uncommon, it calls for an immediate meeting with a psychiatrist as well as the prescription of specific drugs that lessen aggressive behaviors directed at the self.

In Russia especially, a mild form of the disease frequently goes undiagnosed. Simply put, the child’s development anomalies or distinctive personality are blamed for the illness’s symptoms. These kids may grow up to become adults with the illness. At different ages, the disease’s course may vary. Nonetheless, the classic social integration violation is seen nearly nonstop and without interruption.

It is much simpler to identify severe forms of the illness, which frequently show up as the child being completely confined and kept apart from the outside world.

A child who suffers from severe autism will exhibit a marked reluctance to communicate with others. These kids are more content to be by themselves. They are at peace with this and it doesn’t interfere with their daily routine.

If therapeutic psychotherapy is not received, the child may experience a decline in their condition and become completely maladjusted to society.

Symptoms and first signs

The early years of a child’s life can be used to check for disease manifestations. The early telltale indicators of autism syndrome can be found even in very young children with careful and in-depth behavior analysis. This illness has unique psychological features and attributes.

The disease’s primary features fall into a number of major categories:

• Unwillingness to create new social contacts.
• Impaired interests or the use of special games.
• Repeating typical actions many times.
• Violation of speech behavior.
• Changing intelligence and different levels of mental development.
• Changing your own sense of personality.
• Violation of psychomotor functions.

Babies show signs of resistance from birth when it comes to making new social connections. Children initially react grudgingly to any touch from those closest to them. Positive emotions in babies with autism are not even triggered by hugs or kisses from their parents. From the side, these kids appear unduly serene and even "cold."

Children essentially don’t react well to smiles and aren’t aware of the "grimat" that comes from parents or close family members. They frequently fix their eyes on an object that piques their curiosity.

Babies diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder can gaze at a toy or point for hours at a time.

Babies hardly ever show their happiness when they receive new gifts. In their first year of life, infants can have no opinion at all about new toys. Usually, it’s hard to get such babies to smile at all in response to a gift. In the best-case scenario, a baby with autism will just spin the toy around in his hands for a short while before setting it down for good.

Youngsters who are older than a year old are highly picky about who they associate with. Typically, they select no more than two individuals. This is because the infant experiences extreme discomfort when there is a reluctance to establish close contact.

They typically select one of the parents to be their "friend." This could be a mother or a father. Occasionally, a grandfather or grandmother.

Children diagnosed with autism rarely interact with peers or younger kids. These kids can become very uncomfortable with any attempt to upend their cozy world.

They make an effort to stay away from any emotionally taxing circumstances. Children with autism rarely have friends. They have a hard time establishing new friends throughout their lives.

When these kids are between two and three years old, they start to have significant issues. Children are typically sent to kindergarten at this point. Since it becomes impossible to ignore the disease’s distinctive symptoms, the disease is typically discovered there.

The mannerisms of children with autism become immediately apparent when they visit kindergarten. Compared to other kids, they appear more reclusive, exhibit a tendency to avoid attention, and engage in repetitive, stereotypical play with the same toy for extended periods of time.

The behavior of autistic children is more disengaged. Most kids don’t make many requests. When they do require assistance, they would rather take care of it on their own.

Potty training may be difficult for kids under three.

Most of the time, when you ask a child to give you a toy or other object, he will just throw it on the ground instead of giving it to you. This is an indication of poor communication perception.

In a strange and new group, children with autism are not always totally passive. A sick child may frequently exhibit bright negative outbursts of anger or aggression toward others when trying to acclimate him to a new society. This is an indication that something has entered his personal space, which is a comfortable and, more importantly, safe haven for kids with autism. Any increase in contact can result in violent outbursts and a decline in mental health.

Violated interests or use of special games

Children on the autism spectrum frequently show no interest in engaging in any active recreational activities. As if they are lost in their own little universe. Normally, no one else is allowed to enter this private area. Whenever someone tries to teach a child to play, it almost always ends in failure.

Children diagnosed with autism typically have one or two favorite toys that they play with for extended periods of time. They show no interest in any of the toys, even though there is a wide variety available.

When a child with autism plays, you can see that he follows a strict pattern of actions that he repeats repeatedly. When a boy plays with boats, he frequently arranges all of his ships in a straight line. The youngster can arrange them according to size, color, or other unique characteristics. This is something he always does before the game.

Children with autism often exhibit strict orderliness in all aspects of their lives. For them, this is an image of a comfortable world where everything has its proper place and there is no chaos.

When a child with autism encounters new objects, it causes him great mental trauma. Rearranging toys or furniture alone can trigger a severe violent outburst in a child or, on the other hand, induce total indifference. It is preferable for everything to always be where it belongs. The child will feel calmer and more at ease in this situation.

It is also common for girls with autism to alter their play style. Observe the infant’s playtime activities with her doll. She will carry out all daily movements and actions in this activity in accordance with a predetermined algorithm. She might, for instance, comb her hair first, wash the doll, and then get dressed. Not the other way around, either! Everything in a rigidly predetermined order.

It is not the character that causes such a systematic nature of actions in children with autism, but rather the peculiarity of impaired mental behavior. You won’t get a response from the baby if you attempt to explain to him why he performs the same movements repeatedly. The youngster just doesn’t pay attention to what he does. This is perfectly normal in terms of his perception of his own psychology.

Repeated repetition of typical actions

It’s not always the case that a child with autism behaves very differently from a child in good health. Since these kids’ appearances essentially never change, they appear perfectly normal from the outside.

Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder frequently do not develop physically slower than their peers, nor do they exhibit any outward differences. Nevertheless, a closer examination of the child’s behavior will reveal a number of behaviors that deviate from typical behavior.

Children with autism frequently have the ability to repeat different words or word combinations made up of multiple letters or syllables. Both boys and girls are susceptible to these infractions.

This symptom may appear in one of the following ways:

• Repetition of counting or sequential naming of numbers. Often, babies-authors consider many times throughout the day. Such a lesson gives the child comfort and even positive emotions.
• Repetition of previously said words. For example, after the question “How old are you?", The baby can repeat" I am 5 years old, 5 years old, 5 years old ". Very often, such children repeat one phrase or word at least 10-20 times.

In other instances, autistic kids are able to carry out the same task for an extended period of time. For instance, they constantly turn the light on and off. A few kids frequently turn on and off the water taps.

Constant finger wringing or repetitive arm and leg movements could be another symptom. Babies find peace and calmness when they see these commonplace actions repeated repeatedly.

Rarely, babies may also be able to do other comparable tasks, like sniffing different objects. This is explained, according to many scientists, by disruptions in the parts of the brain cortex involved in smell perception. A child with autism often has impairments to their senses of smell, touch, vision, and taste perception, which can lead to a variety of symptoms.

Speech behavior disorders

Speech problems are common in children diagnosed with autism. The manifestations differ in intensity. Speech problems typically manifest in a negligible way in a more moderate form of the illness. A more severe course can show a complete delay in speech development as well as the development of long-lasting defects.

The illness may show up in a variety of ways. Children with autism frequently take their time to speak. Usually, a child may go silent for a considerable amount of time after saying his or her first few words. The youngster only knows a limited number of words. He often says them several times in a day.

It’s difficult for kids with autism to increase their vocabulary. They make an effort to avoid using a lot of different word combinations in their speech, even when they have learned them by heart.

Mentioning objects in the third person is a characteristic of speech behavior in children older than two years old. A child will most frequently address himself by name or say something like "girl Olya." A child diagnosed with autism almost never uses the pronoun "I."

A child can respond, "I want to swim," or address himself by name, "Kostya wants to swim," when you ask him if he wants to swim.

Children diagnosed with autism frequently do not respond directly to questions posed to them. They can choose to say nothing, dodge a question, shift the topic, or just ignore it. Such actions are linked to an unpleasant impression of new relationships and an effort to encroach on personal space.

A baby may even react violently and aggressively if they are asked too many questions in a short period of time or if they are asked too many questions constantly.

Older children frequently use a variety of intriguing word combinations and expressions in their speech. They can recite numerous proverbs and fairy tales with perfect recall.

Even at the age of five, an autistic child can effortlessly recite a complicated poem or a passage from Pushkin’s poem.

These kids frequently have a rhyme scheme. Younger children enjoy singing and repeating different rhymes over and over.

A group of words could appear completely meaningless and, in rare circumstances, even insane. Nonetheless, reciting these rhymes makes autistic children happy and feels good.

Changes in intelligence and different levels of mental development

It was long thought that children diagnosed with autism were mentally retarded. However, this is a grave misperception! Among children with autism, many have the highest IQ.

You can tell the child is intelligent because of his high level of communication. He won’t reveal it to everyone, though.

An autistic person’s mental development is unique in that they have extreme difficulty focusing and acting purposefully to accomplish particular goals.

These kids’ memories have the selectivity feature. The child’s memory will be more selective, recalling only those experiences that seem to have more to do with his inner world.

Certain children are not able to perceive logic correctly. They struggle when it comes to building associative series.

The child has a good sense of ordinary abstract events and can quickly repeat a series of events, even after a long period of time has passed. Children with autism do not exhibit impairments in long-term memory.

Higher IQ kids have extremely difficult time adjusting to school. Such a child frequently ends up being the "black sheep" or the "outcast."

Children with autism tend to grow even more aloof from the outside world, partly due to impaired socialization skills. These kids typically have a preference for different sciences. If the child is approached properly, they have the potential to become true geniuses.

Variants of the illness may progress in various ways. Children can occasionally see a decline in their intellectual capacity. They struggle academically, are unable to respond to inquiries from teachers, and are unable to work through challenging geometric problems that call for strong spatial and logical reasoning.

These kids frequently require specialized instruction through educational plans created especially for kids with autism.

It is crucial to remember that a child’s condition can deteriorate suddenly in response to any trigger. These are frequently intense stressors or peer attacks.

Children with autism find it extremely difficult to tolerate such upsetting situations. On the other hand, this may even result in extreme apathy or violent hostility.

For additional information on instructing children with autism, watch the video below.

Change in the sense of one"s own personality

When social interactions are hampered, autistic individuals tend to blame themselves for bad things that happen. We refer to this as autoaggression. This disease manifestation is fairly common, varying in severity. This is an adverse autism manifestation that affects nearly one in three children.

Psychotherapists think that this unfavorable symptom arises from a distorted sense of one’s own inner world’s boundaries. A sick child experiences all threats to their personal safety as being extremely serious. Youngsters have the ability to intentionally cut or bite themselves, among other self-inflicted injuries.

A child’s perception of space limitations is disrupted even in their early years. These infants frequently presway before falling from the arena. A few kids might come loose from the stroller and drop to the ground.

A healthy child will typically learn not to repeat such actions after going through such a traumatic and unpleasant experience. Even with pain relief, an autistic child will continue to repeat this action over and over.

A child rarely acts aggressively toward other people. Self-defense is the manifestation of such a reaction in 99 percent of cases. Children are typically extremely sensitive to any attempts to encroach on their private space.

A child with autism may experience an aggressive outburst in response to incompetent behavior toward them or even just a desire to establish contact, which incites fear within the child.

Disorders of psychomotor functions

Children with autism frequently walk differently. They attempt to tread carefully. Certain kids might leap while strolling. This is a daily symptom.

The baby doesn’t react to any attempts to correct his gait or tell him that he should walk in a different way. For a long while, the child keeps his gait consistent.

Autism-related children are not aware of the changes that occur in their daily lives. Older kids make an effort to select their typical paths. When a child has autism, he will almost always take the same route to school and won’t alter his own routines.

Youngsters frequently stick to their own personal preferences. Such kids shouldn’t be fed on a set timetable for meals. Even with autism, a child still has his own concept—or perhaps a whole mental system—about what and when is best for him to eat.

Forcing a child to eat a foreign food will be extremely difficult. Throughout their lives, they never stray from their taste preferences.

Basic characteristics by age

Up to one year

When a baby has autism symptoms, they don’t react well to being addressed, especially by name. For a very long time, children do not babble or say their first words.

The child has very low emotional reserves. There are also a lot less gestures. An autistic baby appears to be a very peaceful child who cries infrequently and almost never asks to be picked up. The child does not experience strong positive emotions from any interactions with their parents or even mother.

Infants and newborns hardly ever display a range of emotions on their faces. These kids even appear a little disengaged. When you try to get the baby to smile, he often looks at you icily or his expression does not change. These kids adore examining different objects. They pause to stare at something for an extended period of time.

Babies frequently attempt to select one or a few toys that they can play with for nearly the whole day. They don’t need strangers at all for games. They enjoy spending time by themselves. Attempts to interfere with their play can occasionally trigger an attack of fear or hostility.

Autistic children seldom ask for help from adults during their first year of life. They make an effort to get what they need on their own.

At this age, there are typically no intellectual disabilities. Most kids don’t develop physically or mentally slower than their peers.

Up to 3 years

The signs of a restricted personal space start to become more noticeable around the age of three.

Children absolutely refuse to play in the same sandbox as other kids when they’re outside having fun. Any toy or object that belongs to a child with autism belongs to him alone.

Youngsters attempt to avoid any circumstances that lead to such situations and refuse to share anything.

From the outside, these kids appear to be very insular and "on their own mind." Usually, by the time they are one and a half years old, they are only able to speak a few words. Not every child experiences this, though. They frequently repeat different word combinations with little semantic weight.

The child may become silent and essentially stop speaking for a considerable amount of time after saying his first word.

Autism-related children hardly ever respond to questions posed to them. They can only speak briefly or respond in the third person to questions posed to them in the company of those closest to them.

These kids frequently attempt to avert their gaze and avoid looking at the other person. The child will never use the word "I," even if he provides an answer to the question. Autism-related children identify as "he" or "she." A lot of kids just call themselves by name.

Certain children exhibit actions that are typical of stereotypes. They have a lot of rocking in a chair. Children do not react negatively to remarks made by parents that doing this is wrong or unattractive. This is just a violation of how they perceive their own behavior, not a desire to show off their character. The infant truly is unaware of their behavior and does not perceive anything amiss in it.

Certain babies might struggle with their fine motor abilities. The child makes a very awkward gesture when attempting to pick up any small items from the floor or table.

Babies often have trouble squeezing their palms tightly. Specialized classes designed to improve fine motor skills are necessary in cases where there is a violation of such skills.

In addition to writing disorders, the child may exhibit gestures that are out of the ordinary for a baby if correction is not given promptly.

Babies with autism adore manipulating switches and faucets. They also enjoy opening and shutting doors. Any repetitive motions cause the child to feel wonderful emotions. He is free to carry out these acts for as long as he pleases before his parents step in. The baby doesn’t even realize he is repeating these movements when he makes them.

Children with autism play independently, eat only what they enjoy, and hardly ever interact with other kids. Such children are mistakenly thought to be overly spoiled by many in their immediate vicinity. This is a grave misunderstanding!

When a child with autism is younger than three, he does not perceive any distinctions between his behavior and that of other people. All he does is try to keep outside influences at bay while maintaining the boundaries of his inner world.

There was a time when people thought children with autism had specific facial features. These traits were frequently referred to as aristocratic forms. It was once thought that autistic people had longer, thinner noses. But this is completely untrue.

Up until now, there hasn’t been solid evidence linking a child’s facial structure characteristics to autism. These conclusions are merely conjectures that cannot be supported by science.

From 3 to 6 years

The peak incidence of autism is noted at this age. Kindergarten is where violations of social adaptation start to show up for children.

Early morning trips to a preschool are not particularly enjoyable for children on the autism spectrum. Instead of leaving their usual, secure home, they would prefer to stay at home.

It is almost impossible for a child with autism to make new friends. In the best scenario, he meets someone new who ends up being his closest friend.

A sick child will never let many people into his personal space. These kids frequently attempt to isolate themselves even more in an attempt to get away from upsetting circumstances.

The young child tries to conjure up a fantasy or magic tale to justify his attendance at this kindergarten. Then he takes center stage in this action. But the child gets no enjoyment from going to the kindergarten. He practically never listens to the teachers and does not get along with his peers.

Typically, the child folds everything in his personal locker precisely according to order. This becomes strikingly apparent from the exterior. Such kids are incapable of handling any disorder or disarray. Any deviation from the structure’s ordering may result in an apathy attack or, in extreme situations, violent behavior.

When a child is forced to interact with new kids in the group, it can be extremely stressful for him.

It is inappropriate to chastise autistic children for prolonged periods of time spent performing repetitive tasks. Finding the "key" to such a child is all that is required.

Kindergarten teachers frequently find it impossible to handle a "special" student. Many characteristics of impaired behavior are interpreted by teachers as excessive spoiling and personal qualities. In these situations, the child must work with a medical psychologist on a daily basis in a preschool facility.

Over 6 years old

In Russia, kids with autism go to regular schools. For these kids, there are no specialized schooling options available in our nation. Children with autism typically do well in school. They lean toward different fields of study. Even the highest level of proficiency in the subject is demonstrated by many children.

These kids tend to concentrate on just one thing. In other subjects, children may perform very mediocrely academically if they do not connect with the material on an inner level.

Children with autism exhibit very poor concentration, which is further characterized by their inability to focus on multiple subjects at once.

If the disease was discovered early enough and there were no significant fine motor skill deficiencies, these children frequently exhibit exceptional musical or creative abilities.

Toddlers can spend hours playing a variety of musical instruments. Some kids even write their own original compositions.

Children typically attempt to live quite solitary lives. They don’t have many friends. They hardly ever go to different entertainment events, even though a large crowd may attend. They feel more at ease when they are at home.

Children frequently develop dietary addictions. It usually first appears in early childhood. Autism-related children eat on their own schedule, strictly adhering to the time allocated. Every meal is accompanied by the fulfillment of a particular ritual.

They frequently limit their eating to their regular plates and steer clear of anything colorful. Typically, the child arranges all of the silverware in a precise order on the table.

Children with autism spectrum disorders can graduate from school with great success and demonstrate exceptional subject-matter knowledge.

Children with this illness perform poorly academically and fall behind the school curriculum in only 30% of cases. Typically, these kids received a delayed autism diagnosis or were not provided with a quality rehabilitation program that would have lessened the negative effects of the condition and enhanced socialization.

Problems

Children diagnosed with autism frequently exhibit pathological manifestations of their internal organs in addition to behavioral disorders.

Gastrointestinal tract disorders

Appeared as potential constipation or diarrhea, which are essentially independent of the child’s diet. Autistic children have unique taste preferences. It is effective to normalize adverse manifestations and bowel disorders with a gluten-free diet. This type of restricted-gluten diet encourages the gastrointestinal tract’s coordinated function and lessens the unpleasant symptoms of dyspepsia.

Watch the video below to find out more about the diet for autism.

Sleep disorders

Babies are active during the day and at night almost equally. Putting such kids to bed is really tough. They can only sleep for a few hours at a time, even if they do fall asleep. Babies frequently wake up quite early in the morning. They might not want to go to sleep during the day. Strong psychotraumatic situations can occasionally cause insomnia to worsen or nightmares to occur, which further deteriorates the child’s overall wellbeing.

When a psychiatrist"s consultation is needed?

If parents see the first symptoms of their baby’s illness, they should consult a doctor right away. Accurate diagnosis and recommendation of the required therapeutic intervention can only be made by a psychiatrist.

All children with an autism diagnosis should generally have regular check-ups with a physician. This doctor is nothing to be afraid of! This in no way indicates that the child suffers from severe mental illness. The main purpose of this kind of observation is to stop the disease from developing undesired distant symptoms.

Children with autism diagnoses in our nation essentially never participate in specialized rehabilitation programs. Numerous psychotherapeutic techniques are employed by American and European medical professionals to improve the quality of life for children with autism.

From a very young age, children receive services from medical psychologists, licensed instructors of therapeutic physical education, defectologists, and speech therapists. A psychiatrist has to watch over such a patient all of his life.

At what age is the disease most often diagnosed?

Based on statistical data, the majority of newly reported cases of the illness occur in children between the ages of three and four. At this point, the baby’s symptoms of social maladjustment start to show quite obviously.

Scientific presumptions indicate that it will be much simpler to diagnose autism in children at a younger age as more sophisticated diagnostic criteria are developed.

Even for a skilled pediatrician, identifying the disease’s initial signs in infants can be a very challenging task. A comprehensive medical examination must be scheduled in order to perform a thorough examination and establish a diagnosis. This typically entails the participation of five to six different specialists who are skilled and knowledgeable in treating autism in children.

Autism is a developmental disorder that typically manifests in early childhood and affects behavior, social interaction, and communication in children. Having trouble maintaining eye contact, speaking slowly, acting in a repetitive manner, and having trouble reading social cues are all common symptoms. Early diagnosis is important because treatments such as speech and behavioral therapy can help kids grow into happy, capable adults.

Diagnostics

Making the diagnosis is a challenging task. In Russia, the following psychological disorders are most frequently detected before a diagnosis of "autism" is made:

• social maladjustment of the child in the environment;
• pronounced difficulties in establishing new communications and contacts with other people;
• multiple repetition of typical actions or words over a long period of time.

In all cases where the disease follows a typical or classical course, the aforementioned symptoms manifest. These kids need to see a psychiatrist by law, and if needed, they also need to see in-depth consultations with experts in related fields who work with kids with autism.

Doctors attempt to ascertain the existence or absence of not just the primary indicators but also supplementary ones during a more thorough examination. They employ a number of disease classifications for this.

Regarding autism, they employ:

• ICD-X – the main working document for Russian specialists.
• The DSM-5 or Diagnostic Statistical Manual of mental disorders (Manual of diagnostics and statistics of mental illnesses) is used by psychiatrists all over the world, including in Europe and the United States.

These medical reference books state that a child diagnosed with autism must exhibit at least six of the symptoms listed. Doctors use a variety of playful questionnaires to assess the child’s condition in order to determine them. In order to avoid adding to the child’s already unstable mental state, this kind of research is conducted as gently as possible.

It is also required to interview the parents. We can now more clearly identify the type and prevalence of the child’s behavioral disorders that are concerning thanks to this study.

The parents are interviewed simultaneously by multiple psychiatrists and a medical psychologist. These kinds of diagnostic techniques are primarily employed in the USA and Europe. Regretfully, autism diagnosis standards in Russia are appallingly low.

Children with this illness are often overlooked for a very long period.

Their inability to form relationships with those around them, apathy, and negative social maladjustment symptoms may worsen with time. Working diagnostic criteria that would make such a diagnosis simple to establish have not yet been developed in our nation. In this sense, it is rare to establish an accurate diagnosis in a timely manner.

Is it possible to test at home?

A thorough examination is nearly hard to complete at home. You can only obtain an approximation of the answer during such testing. A diagnosis of "autism" can only be made by a psychiatrist. He accomplishes this by using a number of diagnostic tests for the illness in addition to other techniques that help you understand the extent and kind of damage.

Parents who administer tests at home frequently receive false results. Frequently, the information system evaluates the responses on its own without taking into account the unique circumstances of any one child.

A multi-phase medical evaluation is necessary to diagnose autism in children in order to establish a diagnosis.

How to treat?

As of right now, autism lacks a specific treatment. Regretfully, there isn’t a magic vaccine or special medication that can guarantee a child won’t get the illness. The disease does not yet have a single known cause.

The inability of scientists to identify the underlying cause of the condition prevents them from developing a novel treatment that would fully recover autistic children.

Treatment for this mental illness is provided holistically, accounting for the emergence of symptoms. Only psychiatrists are authorized to prescribe such psychotropic medications. They are issued in pharmacies in accordance with tight accounting guidelines and are written on specific prescription forms. These medications are prescribed for the duration of the condition’s deterioration or in courses.

Every kind of treatment can be categorized into multiple groups:

• Drug treatment. In this case, various medications are prescribed to eliminate adverse symptoms that occur at various stages of the disease. Such medications are prescribed by a doctor only after examining the child and possibly conducting additional examinations.
• Psychological consultations. A child medical psychologist must work with a child suffering from autism. Using various psychological techniques, a specialist will help the child cope with emerging outbursts of anger and auto-aggression, as well as improve the internal feeling when integrating into a new team.
• General health procedures. Children with autism are not at all contraindicated in sports. However, they should study in special groups with professional instructors or coaches who are trained in the elements of working with "special" children. Such children can show excellent results and achieve good athletic achievements. Success is possible only with the use of the correct pedagogical approach.
• Speech therapy classes.A speech therapist must conduct classes with a child under 3 years of age. In such lessons, children learn to speak correctly, refuse to use multiple repetitions of words. Speech therapy classes help improve the child"s vocabulary, add even more words to his vocabulary. Such educational games help children better adapt to new groups and improve their social adaptation.

Medication

It is not necessary to permanently prescribe different medications for children with autism. These medications are only intended to treat the disease’s adverse symptoms. In this instance, delaying treatment can have a number of negative effects and possibly make the child’s condition worse.

Children with autism are typically prescribed the following medications.

Psychotropic drugs and neuroleptics

Used to address aggressive behavior attacks. They may be recommended as part of a treatment plan or just once to stop a violent auto-aggression outburst. Psychiatrists select medications based on how well they help manage the disease’s unpleasant symptoms. For instance, the antipsychotic medications Seroquel and Rispolept help soothe infants and manage sudden, intense episodes of aggression.

It is noteworthy that the permanent prescription of antipsychotic medications is limited to cases of severe mental illness. The degree of symptoms is unduly high in this instance.

Any antipsychotic medication used long-term can lead to addiction and a number of negative side effects. Doctors use treatment prescriptions to stop this from happening.

The doctor may prescribe medications that alter endorphin levels to treat panic attacks or elevate mood. There exist several contraindications for these medications. They are only employed when other behavioral modification techniques, such as those based on psychology, have been tried and failed to improve the child’s quality of life.

Probiotics for the treatment of dysbacteriosis

Doctors note dysbacteriosis or persistent irritable bowel syndrome in 90% of autistic children. The gastrointestinal tract’s microbiota is disrupted in this instance. Beneficial lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are essentially absent, but pathogenic flora microorganisms proliferate readily. These kids frequently also have higher yeast growth.

In order to eradicate these adverse symptoms, physicians turn to writing prescriptions for a variety of drugs supplemented with lacto- and bifidobacteria. Prescriptions for children include "Enterol," "Acipol," "Linex," "Bifidobacterin," and numerous others. These medications are recommended following further investigation, including a dysbacteriosis test and stool culture. The medications are recommended as part of a treatment plan. It is typically intended for daily use for one to three months.

A child with dysbacteriosis needs to eat fresh fermented milk products with a high content of gut-friendly microorganisms in addition to prescription drugs.

They can be prepared at home as well. In this instance, the product retains its advantageous qualities and is safe to give to the infant.

By the end of the first week, the effects of using fermented milk products usually become apparent.

Vitamin therapy

One of the most noticeable and persistent vitamin deficiencies in children with autism is in B1, B6, B12, and PP. A complex of biologically active substances must be prescribed in order to eradicate this condition. Such vitamin and mineral preparations can normalize the body’s microelement composition and eradicate any vitamin deficiencies.

Children with autism frequently have very monotonous diets because they are highly devoted to a particular food type. This results in inadequate intake of external microelements and vitamins.

This condition can be improved by including a variety of fruits and vegetables in the diet on a daily basis, particularly during the summer. These products are rich in many different vitamins and microelements that are essential for the developing baby.

Sedatives

Utilized to allay anxiety. Strong panic episodes are frequently experienced by sick children when they are exposed to intensely psychotraumatic situations. Psychiatrists in this situation recommend psychotropic medications that can successfully treat this manifestation. Such a medication course is not necessary. It only takes one dose.

Children with autism frequently have trouble sleeping. They have trouble going to sleep. A person can only sleep for six to seven hours every day.

This is not enough for a small child. Medical professionals advise taking small medications that relax the nervous system and encourage fast falling asleep in order to enhance sleep at night and restore the circadian rhythm.

Many herbs that have a sedative effect are safe to use on babies. These natural medications essentially have no side effects and few contraindications. Decoctions of mint or lemon balm are used to help restore normal sleep. Your infant can drink tea made from these herbs. Drinking such a sedative medication no later than two to three hours prior to going to bed is preferable.

Drug prescriptions for sedatives are only permitted in cases of severe sleep disorders. These medications are often prescribed for an extended period of time. For milder forms of the disease, these medications are not recommended because they can have a strong tranquilizing effect or lead to addiction. Following an initial assessment, a psychotherapist writes prescriptions for medications.

Help from a psychologist

The application of diverse psychological techniques is a crucial component of autism therapy for kids. American experts who teach classes with ill children on a daily basis advise holding these sessions at least twice or three times a week.

It is preferable if the psychologist has studied medicine as well. When the child’s condition gets worse in this scenario, he can quickly regain his composure and send the child for a psychiatrist consultation.

Medication is not prescribed by the psychologist. He only uses language to treat. For kids with autism, the initial consultation with a specialist is typically crucial. At this point, you can determine whether these classes will be effective and whether the child and the psychologist will speak the same language.

To gain insight into the inner world of an autistic child, a psychologist must carefully cultivate a friendship with him. The youngster will only get in touch in this scenario.

In the event that the autistic child and the psychologist do not have regular contact, treatment may not always have a noticeable positive impact.

Every lesson takes place in a room with specialized equipment. When working with kids who have autism, it’s common for all of the lessons to take place in the same room. This contributes to the child’s environment becoming calmer and cozier.

Psychologists try to avoid randomly moving or rearranging toys because it can seriously upset a child’s mental health.

Typically, educational games are used to conduct classes. Playing these kinds of games allows kids to be as "open" and expressive as possible. Each class lasts no longer than an hour on average.

Longer conversations may cause the child to grow extremely tired and hesitant to contact a professional.

Working with autistic children typically lasts the entirety of the child’s life. Only the kinds and formats of psychological techniques vary in this instance.

Psychologists frequently end up as actual family members or close friends. Numerous reports of families seeking the services of psychologists have been made in the United States. In this instance, one of the parents as well as the child had autism.

It’s crucial to remember that family activities can be quite therapeutic.

Psychologists frequently hold classes with one or both of the parents present for children ages three to five. Typically, the parent who has a stronger bond with the child is selected. The psychologist playsfully constructs a variety of real-world scenarios that people might run into. He teaches the child how to appropriately respond to strangers during such a game. Along with learning new practical skills that they can utilize on a daily basis, children also improve their ability to communicate with other children.

Activities

The better a child with autism integrates into society, the more activities that will support him in this regard must be done. Usually, a child psychologist works with a psychiatrist to compile this kind of varied activity list, or a psychiatrist may suggest it.

Generally, a thorough examination of the baby’s skills and a superior evaluation of his state of health and physical development are necessary before selecting any activity that will pique his interest. Not every autistic child will accomplish the same tasks with the same level of interest. The right selection of activities has a positive impact on the child’s mental and psychological development and significantly enhances the prognosis of treatment.

Typically, different remedial activities that enhance the child’s social integration in society are suggested for children diagnosed with autism. Children should participate in sports. All sports training, though, cannot be selected. Calm sports, like golf, chess or checkers, or swimming lessons, are better suited for kids with autism. Selecting sports that demand focused attention on a single object is worthwhile.

It is best to avoid sports that demand rapid acceleration or a high risk of injury. It is not appropriate for children with autism to run, jump, box, or participate in any kind of strength wrestling.

Games for teams are also inappropriate. It is preferable to prioritize more subdued sports, as these will fortify the infant’s health and soothe his nervous system.

Autism-related children are highly receptive to different animals. In these kids, doctors frequently even observe a certain "cult" of animals. A child diagnosed with autism may own numerous cats or dogs. Pets can elicit strong positive emotions in children and even improve the prognosis of treatment when they are touched and interacted with directly.

Children diagnosed with autism benefit from spending time interacting with different animals. It is advised by doctors to perform dolphin or hippotherapy sessions. Such interactions with animals will improve the child’s development and bring him great joy.

The child experiences a flood of happy feelings when he comes into contact with any living thing because the cerebral cortex starts producing unique endorphin molecules.

Such animal-based activities ought to be conducted whenever feasible. It is preferable for the youngster to be able to interact with and continuously observe living things. Communicating with a dog or cat teaches a baby how to interact with its surroundings. This enhances his social adaption in society and has a positive impact on his capacity to form new relationships.

What toys to buy?

Parents often struggle with what to get their child who has been diagnosed with autism. Every new toy appears to bring the child almost no joy. But this isn’t totally accurate. Every child with autism has a specific kind of toy that they are passionate about.

Boys often select different ships or aircraft, while girls typically select different dolls or animals. It’s crucial to remember that gifts of animals can make autistic children very happy. Finding out what kind of animal your child enjoys is the most important step. This is typically not a problem: an animal-shaped toy that a child with autism would never give up.

Any other dogs will also cause a storm of delight if the child’s most cherished item is the stuffed dog that was once given to them.

Children with an autism diagnosis are not at all likely to hoard. For them to be content and at ease, two or three different toys will do. Even a vast assortment of gifts may frighten them!

Toddlers under three years old should select toys that enhance their fingers’ fine motor skills. Children with autism typically do extremely poorly at any drawing or modeling tasks.

One way to engage the baby is to introduce them to a variety of puzzles that have large, vibrant pieces. Constructors are ideal because they provide the building blocks for countless figure combinations.

Rugs with multiple large sections are ideal for kids between the ages of 1.5 and 2. These products’ upper surfaces are uneven or have tiny elevations. This is essential in order to provide a massage to the legs while you walk. The whole musculoskeletal system of the child benefits from this effect. Instead of selecting a rug that is overly bright, go for one that is more neutral in color.

You can go with a spinner for older kids or kids who are particularly prone to aggression. This chic toy even helps counteract the negative effects of stress and restores normal nervous system function. Children frequently enjoy spinning the spinner because it is a repetitive activity that makes them feel peaceful and even happy.

It is best not to purchase computer games for a child during adolescence. The majority of these toys have the potential to either increase a child’s apathy or trigger an uncontrollable outburst of aggression in them.

Children with autism spectrum disorders frequently enjoy playing video games because they don’t really need to interact with people outside of their computer. On the other hand, there can be disastrous outcomes.

Can autistics have healthy children in the future?

When it comes to the likelihood of inheriting the illness, scientists observe a clear genetic pattern. There are also theories regarding the existence of unique genes that cause the disease to develop in children whose families have a history of documented cases of autism.

Children of autistic people can be healthy. Even during the intrauterine development stage, gene inheritance happens. A child may be healthy if he is born into a family where only one parent has autism.

The likelihood of having a sick child is 25% and the likelihood of having a child who carries this gene is 50% if both parents have autism. This illness is inherited as a recessive autosomal trait.

The likelihood of having sick babies may rise in such families if multiple babies are born. It also rises in the body of a pregnant mother during the intrauterine development of the fetus when it is exposed to different stimulating factors.

Using the "heel" method, latent autism in newborns is identified. It enables us to presume that the infant has this mental illness. It is typically performed on parents who have autism or when there is a possibility that the newborn may acquire the condition.

Do they give the child a disability?

In Russia, a disability group must be established before a person is diagnosed with "autism." It isn’t applied to every baby, though. In our nation, unique social and medical standards are applied, accounting for a number of variables.

A group’s formation is decided upon exclusively through collegiality. This involves experts from multiple fields working together, such as a psychologist, a psychiatrist, and a rehabilitation specialist.

A child must present the medical and social examination authorities with all required medical documentation in order to be assigned to a disability group. The observations made by the child psychologist and psychiatrist must necessarily be included in the baby’s child card. In this instance, the length of the illness may be better understood by medical professionals.

The child is frequently prescribed additional tests and examinations prior to undergoing a medical and social examination. These can include a range of laboratory tests and specialized brain studies that help you determine the exact type and severity of the disorders. In our nation, electroencephalography, or EEG, is typically prescribed.

This technique can be used to identify a number of different nerve impulse conduction disorders in the cerebral cortex. The technique is highly informative and frequently applied in the neurological and psychiatric care of children.

Doctors can determine the type and severity of disorders that have developed as a result of the disease thanks to the test results.

Not every type of autism fits into a specific disability category. It is typically identified when there are ongoing abnormalities of nervous activity, which cause the infant to severely maladjust.

The degree of mental maturity and intelligence also has a big impact on how the disease develops and how the group is formed.

Disability is often determined three years later. In Russia, early-life group formation is rare and typically occurs in episodic fashion.

The majority of the time, autism does not have consistent remission periods. This results in the disability group typically being formed for life.

A comprehensive range of rehabilitation measures must be implemented for children with mental disabilities. Children like these are seen by speech therapists, psychologists, and rehabilitation physicians. Since treatment for autism is provided for the entirety of a patient’s life, the rehabilitation program is typically designed to last a fair amount of time.

When their child is placed in a disability group, parents frequently observe certain challenges that arise from the social and medical assessments. The two most common things they observe are lengthy lines for examination and an enormous amount of pre-prepared medical paperwork. During primary circulation, the disability group was not always established. The experts frequently only reached a conclusive conclusion regarding the child’s presence of disabled features after the second or third attempt.

Forming a group is a difficult and frequently contentious process. For infants with autism, on the other hand, this step is actually vital but frequently forced. A significant financial investment is needed in order to provide the child with full-fledged classes: training with a psychologist, consultations with a speech therapist, courses on hippodromic therapy, and the use of specialized psychotropic medications. Without a group of people with disabilities, all of this becomes exceedingly challenging and costly for many families.

Adviсe

The most important thing for parents to know when raising a child with autism is that the child will always have this illness. Regretfully, autism cannot currently be cured.

When given the correct care, children with autism develop normally and don’t even look different from their classmates. The child’s slight differences from other children are only noticeable to a select few strangers. But frequently, they think that the child in question is just very spoilt or has a poor disposition.

Use the following advice to enhance the child’s quality of life and aid in his socialization:

• Try to communicate with your child correctly. Autistic children categorically do not perceive raised voices or swearing. It is better to communicate with such children in the same calm tone, without using swear words. If the child did something wrong, try not to react excessively violently and aggressively, but simply explain to the child how to do this action correctly. You can also show this as a kind of game.
• The education of the child should be engaged in both parents. Even despite the fact that, as a rule, the baby chooses communication with dad or mother, they both must participate in his life. In this case, the child feels more comfortable and receives the right idea of ​​the organization of the family. In the future, when creating his own life, he will largely be guided by the principles laid down in childhood.
• It is quite difficult to accustom babies with autism to a pot with autism. Usually child psychologists help in this. In a playful way, they create a similar household situation and work out with the baby the correct sequence of actions. For independent training at home, remember that the child should be accustomed to the pot gradually and sequentially. Never raise your voice and do not punish the baby if he did something wrong. In the case of an autistic child, this measure will not lead to a positive result.
• You can teach a child with autism to read only with daily lessons. Try to choose educational books without overly bright pictures. A huge number of different colors can alarm and even frighten the child. Choose publications without colorful pictures. It is better to conduct training in a playful way. This way the child will perceive this process as an ordinary game.
• During a strong tantrum, the child needs to be carefully calmed down. It is better to do this by the family member with whom the child has closer contact. If the child is overly aggressive, then try to quickly take him to the nursery. A familiar environment will help the child calm down easier. Never raise your voice at the child, trying to shout at him! This will not lead to anything good. Explain to the child that he has nothing to be afraid of, and you are nearby. Try to switch attention to another event or object.
• Try to establish contact with the autistic child. The child communicates calmly only with the closest people to him. To do this, never ask the baby a million questions. Frequent hugs will also not lead to establishing contact. Try to spend more time with the baby, simply watching his games. After some time, the child will perceive you as part of his game, and will more easily make contact.
• Teach the child the correct daily routine. Usually, autistic children perfectly perceive a clearly organized routine. This creates a feeling of complete comfort and security in them. Try to make the child fall asleep and wake up at the same time. Be sure to follow the feeding schedule. Even on weekends, maintain the daily routine that is familiar to the baby.
• Be sure to undergo regular examination and observation by a child psychotherapist and psychologist. Such consultations are very important for assessing the prognosis of the disease and establishing the dynamics of the child"s condition. Usually, small patients with autism should visit a psychotherapist at least twice a year. If their health worsens, more often.
• Organize proper nutrition for your baby. Considering the peculiarities of the disturbed microflora, all babies with autism need to eat fermented milk products. They must be as fresh as possible. In this case, the concentration of beneficial lactobacilli and bifidobacteria will be sufficient. Only such products will be useful for the child and improve his digestion.
• From the very first days of the child"s birth, try to show him care and affection more often. Autistic babies react very poorly to various physical manifestations of love and tenderness. However, this does not mean at all that this should not be done. Doctors advise hugging and kissing the child more often. This should be done without causing him mental pressure. If the baby is not in mood, it is better to postpone hugs for a while.
• Give your baby a new friend. Most autistic children love pets. Communication with furry animals brings the baby not only positive emotions and has a beneficial effect on the course of his illness, but also has a real healing effect on tactile sensitivity. A cat or a dog will become real friends for the baby and will help him to more easily establish contacts not only with animals, but also with new people.
• Do not scold the child! Any increase in voice is perceived very painfully by a child suffering from autism. The reaction can be the most unpredictable. Some children fall into a strong apathy and become more indifferent to everything that happens in everyday life. Other children may have an excessively strong attack of aggression, which will even require the use of medications.
• Try to choose an interesting hobby for the baby. Very often, children with autism are great at drawing or playing musical instruments. Studying at a specialized art school will help your child achieve high professional success. Often such children become real geniuses. Be sure to monitor the workload that falls on the child. Excessive enthusiasm can lead to severe fatigue and attention deficit.
• Do not move furniture in the children"s room and throughout the apartment. Try to ensure that all toys and objects that belong to the child remain in their places. Significant rearrangements can cause real panic attacks and excessive aggression in a child with autism. Acquire new items carefully, without attracting much attention to this.
• Do not limit the child to being at home only! Children with autism should not be constantly within four walls. This will only aggravate the inability to make new friends and acquaintances. Gradually expand the conditions where the baby spends a lot of time. Try to motivate him to go for a walk, visit close relatives. However, this should be done gradually, without psychological pressure. The baby should be very comfortable in the new conditions.

Autism does not imply guilt. This is merely a disease that necessitates giving the infant suffering from this mental illness more and particular attention.

A well-planned life and human interaction schedule makes these kids feel safer and helps them have a better prognosis for how long the illness will take to progress.

Parents need to be aware that a child with autism needs your care and attention every day for the rest of their life. These kids are frequently referred to as "special," since working with them requires a special method.

When given proper rehabilitation, infants with autism integrate into society fairly well and go on to lead successful lives.

Signs	Treatment
Difficulty in communication and social interaction	Speech therapy and social skills training
Repetitive behaviors	Behavioral therapy to reduce repetitive actions
Limited interests	Encouraging diverse activities through occupational therapy
Sensitivity to lights, sounds, or textures	Sensory integration therapy to help manage sensitivities
Delayed speech or language development	Early intervention programs focusing on language development
Avoidance of eye contact	Play therapy to improve social interaction

It is essential to comprehend autism in children in order to promote their development. It’s critical to identify early warning indicators like delayed speech, trouble interacting socially, and repetitive behaviors. Effective support can start as soon as these symptoms are addressed.

Although there isn’t a cure for autism, therapies like speech, behavioral, and educational interventions can have a big impact on a child’s life. Since each child is different, determining the best strategy will depend on what they require.

Children with autism can thrive with the support of their parents and other caregivers. These kids can live happy, fulfilling lives and realize their full potential given the correct assistance and tools.

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